Ice Age Links
“Over at least the last 650,000 years, temperatures and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have increased and decreased in a cyclical pattern.” - http://www.epa.gov/climatestudents/basics/past.html
“Figure 1 shows two prior interglacial periods that were warmer than the Holocene: the Eemian (about 130,000 years ago) and the Holsteinian (about 400,000 years ago)” - http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/hansen_15/ -
“We live on an "icehouse" Earth, one that is quite cold compared to other periods in Earth history.” -
http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/nationalfossilday/climate_change_earth_history.cfm
“In just 20,000 years, global temperatures shot up five to eight degrees Celsius.” (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) - http://knowledge.allianz.com/environment/climate_change/?624/climate-timeline-a-short-history-of-the-earths-climate
“Another “warm age” is a period geologists call the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which occurred about 56 million years ago.” - https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-qa/whats-hottest-earths-ever-been
"The last 3 million years have been characterized by cycles of glacials and interglacials within a gradually deepening ice age."
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_temperature_record
http://www.longrangeweather.com/global_temperatures.htm ( Jim Rickards Project 2015)
“The Holocene Climatic Optimum was generally warmer than the 20th century.” - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record
“The Oldest Dryas (approximately 16,050-13,050 BC) was a climatic period, which occurred during the coldest stadial after the Weichselian glaciation (110,000 to 12,000 years ago) in north Europe.” - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldest_Dryas
“The Allerød oscillation was a warm and moist global interstadial that occurred at the end of the last glacial period. It raised temperatures in the northern Atlantic region to almost present-day levels, before they declined again in the succeeding Younger Dryas period, which was followed by the present interglacial period.” 14,100 BP – “The interstadial ended abruptly with a cold period that reduced temperatures back to near-glacial levels within a decade.” “the temperature and sea level rose everywhere, not just in north Europe.” - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller%C3%B8d_Oscillation
Abrupt climate change - “The Younger Dryas saw a rapid return to glacial conditions in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between 12,900–11,500 years BP,[7] in sharp contrast to the warming of the preceding interstadial deglaciation. It has been believed that the transitions each occurred over a period of a decade or so,[8] but the onset may have been faster.[9] Thermally fractionated nitrogen and argon isotope data from Greenland ice core GISP2 indicate that the summit of Greenland was approximately 15 °C (27 °F) colder during the Younger Dryas[8] than today. In the UK, coleopteran (beetle) fossil evidence suggests that mean annual temperature dropped to −5 °C (23 °F),[10] and periglacial conditions prevailed in lowland areas, while icefields and glaciers formed in upland areas.[11] Nothing of the size, extent, or rapidity of this period of abrupt climate change has been experienced since.[7]” - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas
“The Older Dryas was a stadial (cold) period between the Bølling and Allerød oscillations (warmer phases) approximately 14,000 years ago (BP), towards the end of the Pleistocene epoch. The gradual warming since the peak of the last glacial period 22,000 years BP has been interrupted by three cold spells, the Older Dryas having been preceded by the Oldest Dryas and followed by the Younger Dryas. They are named after an indicator genus, the arctic and alpine plant Dryas, the fossils of which are found in higher concentrations in deposits from colder periods.” “The brief lists of plants and animals stated below are a fraction of the total number of species found for the period. Most families were more diverse than they are today, and were yet more so in the last interglacial. A great extinction, especially of mammals, continued throughout the end of the Pleistocene, and may be continuing today.” - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Older_Dryas
“At least five major ice ages have occurred throughout Earth’s history: the earliest was over 2 billion years ago, and the most recent one began approximately 3 million years ago and continues today.” - http://geology.utah.gov/map-pub/survey-notes/glad-you-asked/ice-ages-what-are-they-and-what-causes-them/
"Evidence does exist however that the period of 2,000 to 3,000 million years ago was very generally colder and more glaciated than the last 500 million years. This is thought to be the result of solar radiation approximately 20% lower than today." - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_temperature_record
“Figure 1 shows two prior interglacial periods that were warmer than the Holocene: the Eemian (about 130,000 years ago) and the Holsteinian (about 400,000 years ago)” - http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/hansen_15/ -
“We live on an "icehouse" Earth, one that is quite cold compared to other periods in Earth history.” -
http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/nationalfossilday/climate_change_earth_history.cfm
“In just 20,000 years, global temperatures shot up five to eight degrees Celsius.” (Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum) - http://knowledge.allianz.com/environment/climate_change/?624/climate-timeline-a-short-history-of-the-earths-climate
“Another “warm age” is a period geologists call the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, which occurred about 56 million years ago.” - https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-qa/whats-hottest-earths-ever-been
"The last 3 million years have been characterized by cycles of glacials and interglacials within a gradually deepening ice age."
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_temperature_record
http://www.longrangeweather.com/global_temperatures.htm ( Jim Rickards Project 2015)
“The Holocene Climatic Optimum was generally warmer than the 20th century.” - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_record
“The Oldest Dryas (approximately 16,050-13,050 BC) was a climatic period, which occurred during the coldest stadial after the Weichselian glaciation (110,000 to 12,000 years ago) in north Europe.” - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldest_Dryas
“The Allerød oscillation was a warm and moist global interstadial that occurred at the end of the last glacial period. It raised temperatures in the northern Atlantic region to almost present-day levels, before they declined again in the succeeding Younger Dryas period, which was followed by the present interglacial period.” 14,100 BP – “The interstadial ended abruptly with a cold period that reduced temperatures back to near-glacial levels within a decade.” “the temperature and sea level rose everywhere, not just in north Europe.” - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller%C3%B8d_Oscillation
Abrupt climate change - “The Younger Dryas saw a rapid return to glacial conditions in the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere between 12,900–11,500 years BP,[7] in sharp contrast to the warming of the preceding interstadial deglaciation. It has been believed that the transitions each occurred over a period of a decade or so,[8] but the onset may have been faster.[9] Thermally fractionated nitrogen and argon isotope data from Greenland ice core GISP2 indicate that the summit of Greenland was approximately 15 °C (27 °F) colder during the Younger Dryas[8] than today. In the UK, coleopteran (beetle) fossil evidence suggests that mean annual temperature dropped to −5 °C (23 °F),[10] and periglacial conditions prevailed in lowland areas, while icefields and glaciers formed in upland areas.[11] Nothing of the size, extent, or rapidity of this period of abrupt climate change has been experienced since.[7]” - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younger_Dryas
“The Older Dryas was a stadial (cold) period between the Bølling and Allerød oscillations (warmer phases) approximately 14,000 years ago (BP), towards the end of the Pleistocene epoch. The gradual warming since the peak of the last glacial period 22,000 years BP has been interrupted by three cold spells, the Older Dryas having been preceded by the Oldest Dryas and followed by the Younger Dryas. They are named after an indicator genus, the arctic and alpine plant Dryas, the fossils of which are found in higher concentrations in deposits from colder periods.” “The brief lists of plants and animals stated below are a fraction of the total number of species found for the period. Most families were more diverse than they are today, and were yet more so in the last interglacial. A great extinction, especially of mammals, continued throughout the end of the Pleistocene, and may be continuing today.” - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Older_Dryas
“At least five major ice ages have occurred throughout Earth’s history: the earliest was over 2 billion years ago, and the most recent one began approximately 3 million years ago and continues today.” - http://geology.utah.gov/map-pub/survey-notes/glad-you-asked/ice-ages-what-are-they-and-what-causes-them/
"Evidence does exist however that the period of 2,000 to 3,000 million years ago was very generally colder and more glaciated than the last 500 million years. This is thought to be the result of solar radiation approximately 20% lower than today." - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_temperature_record